Biometric Data and Privacy Laws: Navigating Global Regulations

Abstract

Biometric data, including fingerprints, facial recognition, and iris scans, is increasingly integrated into various industries, offering convenience and security benefits. However, its collection, storage, and usage raise significant privacy concerns, prompting global efforts to regulate its protection. This paper explores the complex landscape of privacy laws governing biometric data, focusing on key regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union and the Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA) in the United States. Additionally, it examines regulations across Asia, Latin America, and other regions, highlighting challenges in achieving regulatory harmony amidst diverse legal frameworks. The paper addresses the implications of non-compliance, including litigation risks, and considers emerging trends in the evolving biometric privacy regulatory environment. Through a comparative analysis, this research underscores the critical need for cohesive global standards and technological advancements to protect biometric data and ensure ethical usage. Recommendations for organizations and policymakers are also provided.